The Story of Hainan’s Formal Integration into the Chinese State

By Wang Dingbin/ HICN / Updated:20:49,03-April-2026


The Hainan AI Biopics, a series produced by the Hainan International Media Center, the School of International Communication and Arts, Hainan University, and Media Practice Education Studio, Hainan University, was launched this spring.

Episode two, The Fubo General Lu Bode, tells the story of Lu Bode's campaign to pacify and stabilize the Lingnan region, marking a turning point in history for Hainan Island, which was integrated into the commandery system with the establishment of Zhuya and Dan'er commanderies.

During the 4th year of the Yuanding era of Emperor Wu of Han (113 BC), Prime Minister of the Nanyue Kingdom, Lü Jia, rebelled, killing his king and the Han envoy sent to unite Nanyue with the Han Empire. In the 5th year of the Yuanding era, the emperor, appointing Lu Bode as the Fubo General, dispatched the five armies south to pacify the rebellion.

A brilliant strategist, Lu Bode led the bulk of his forces directly south to capture Panyu, the capital of the Nanyue Kingdom, while one of his commanders, Han Yuan, headed into the heart of Hainan Island to treat with the tribes of the Li people, promising them autonomous governance, free trade, and peace in exchange for their support. As the armies under his command approached Panyu, Lu Bode ordered that burning and looting were strictly forbidden, ensuring the support of Nanyue’s forces and citizens. Out at sea, the young Li chief, Fu Ya, and his men worked with the Han navy to sever the traitor Lü Jia’s supply lines, eventually capturing him.

By the 6th year of the Yuanding era, the Nanyue Kingdom had been pacified. The emperor established the nine commanderies to strengthen his rule over the Lingnan region, including the Zhuya and Dan’er commanderies on Hainan. From then on, Hainan was formally incorporated into the national governance structure, and the Lingnan region welcomed a long period of stability and peace.

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